Amplified fragment length polymorphism-based genetic diversity among cultivated and weedy rye (Secale cereale L.) accessions

Amplified fragment length polymorphism markers were evaluated to determine the genetic diversity and relationships among cultivated and weedy ryes ( Secale cereale L.) using a large global set of accessions. On the basis of 395 polymorphic bands resulted from nine Pst I- Mse I primer combinations, cultivated rye exhibited higher average genetic diversity (H t = 0.34) than that of the weedy rye (H t = 0.27), however, it had lower genetic differentiation (F st = 0.16). The average genetic diversity of cultivated rye varied from region to region ranging from 0.21 to 0.31. As expected, all cultivated accessions clustered together both in dendrogram and principal coordinate diagram indicating common breeding program selection criteria based on similar value-added agronomic characteristics. A clustering of cultivated rye accessions into groups based strictly on geographical origin was not found. The relationships among cultivated, weedy and wild ryes were discussed.