Excitation of Hybrid Space-Surface Waves in Clinotrons with Non-uniform Grating

Excitation of surface (slow), space (fast), and hybrid surface-space waves in BWO-clinotron with periodically non-uniform grating has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. It is shown that an interaction of electron beam with hybrid surface-space wave may be more effective than with surface wave because of higher Q-factor, and than with space wave because of higher impedance. The experimental test results of both 100-GHz CW clinotron with non-uniform three-stage grating and of 130-GHz CW clinotron with four-stage grating showed the excitation of radiation with output power more than 1 W and some specific features of electronic frequency tuning.