A new species of Scytonema isolated from Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India using the polyphasic approach

A false branching cyanobacterium (strain 1F-PS) isolated from a fresh water body of Bilaspur (Chhattisgarh, India) is described here as a new species of the polyphyletic genus Scytonema. Morphological, ecological, molecular and phylogenetic evidence validated the strain as a new species. Observations of the filaments in different phases of growth, different levels of microscopic studies, the presence of a textured thin sheath throughout the length of the trichome, differences in the shape and dimensions of the vegetative cells and heterocytes and ecological attributes show that the strain differed from the rest of the closely related species. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene resulted in 99% similarity with Scytonema bilaspurensis and 97.07% sequence similarity with Scytonema hofmannii PCC 7110, while rbcl and psbA sequences showed 99 and 97% similarities with S. bilaspurensis, respectively. Phylogenetic assessments indicated a large phylogenetic distance and separate clustering of the strain 1F-PS for all the molecular markers.