New Directions in Using Ionic Liquids in Analytical Chemistry. 1: Liquid–Liquid Extraction

The first part of the review presents general information and brief historical notes about ionic liquids (ILs) along with various versions of microextraction preconcentration using ILs: single-drop extraction, membrane extraction, dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction, in situ ionic liquid-based dispersive microextraction, etc. A review of papers on the extraction of metal ions and organic compounds in ILs for chemical analysis is presented. Aqueous biphasic systems based on ILs immiscible with water and salting-out agents are described; examples of such systems, their advantages, and factors affecting phase separation are considered.