Frequency Characteristics of Two Topologies Representing Fractional Order Transmission Line Model

Classical telegrapher’s equation is generalized in order to account for the hereditary nature of polarization and magnetization phenomena of the medium by postulating fractional order constitutive relations for capacitive and inductive elements in the elementary circuit, as well as by the two topological modifications of Heaviside’s elementary circuit, referred as series and parallel, differing in the manner in which the effect of charge accumulation effect along the line is taken into consideration. Frequency analysis of generalized telegrapher’s equations is performed, with a particular emphasis on the asymptotic behavior for low and high frequencies. It is found that, like Heaviside’s elementary circuit, parallel topology leads to low-pass frequency characteristics, while the series topology leads to band-pass characteristics. It is also demonstrated that the logarithmic phase characteristics are linear functions of frequency, being suitable for determining some of the fractional differentiation orders in generalized telegrapher’s equations.