Ecological vulnerability of the bay landscape and its response to human activities: a case study of the East China Sea

Analysis of the ecological vulnerability of the bay landscape under the influence of reclamation will help to improve environmental protection of the bay and accelerate the restoration of the bay ecosystem. On the basis of the data of the 6 th phase of the East China Sea Bay, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the ecological vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity of the East China Sea Bay under the influence of reclamation were analyzed, and the response of the bay landscape to human activities was discussed. The results show that(1) the vulnerability of the East China Sea Bay landscape and high and extremely high vulnerability areas in the northern and southern bays are increasing. High-level vulnerability areas continue to spread, mainly from urban to suburban, inland to coastal, and land to port.(2) The intensity of development and use of reclaimed land in the East China Sea Bay has strengthened. The landscape artificial disturbance intensity of the northern bay in the East China Sea has changed from low to high, and the medium-intensity, high-intensity, and extremely high intensity areas increased continuously. The landscape artificial disturbance intensity of the southern bay is significantly different from north to south, showing the characteristics of north low and south high. The intensity of artificial disturbance gradually deepens from the inland to the periphery of the estuary and coastal areas.(3) Landscape changes in the East China Sea Bay have responded significantly to human activities. The northern bay landscape of the East China Sea tends to be fragmented, diversified, and unbalanced. The southern bay of the East China Sea is gradually developing towards intensive development, and the landscape tends to be regularized and balanced. A significant positive correlation exists between the landscape fragmentation degree of the East China Sea Bay and landscape artificial disturbance intensity. The fit between the southern bay landscape vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity is greater than that between the northern bay landscape vulnerability and artificial disturbance intensity.