Study on the change in energy production structure under the energy coordinated development strategy of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, China

As an indispensable resource in urban producing and living activities, energy has played a major role in supporting the development of urbanization. With the end of the industrial revolution and the beginning of the information age, the mode of using fossil fuels as the main raw materials for development began to change, so the energy production structure was optimized with a decreasing proportion of fossil fuels.Urban agglomeration has become the main form on urbanization, and its development strategy has an important impact on regional energy structure adjustment. Taking Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration(Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei) as an example, the characteristics of and changes in the energy production structures of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei at the municipal level from 2001 to 2015 were calculated, and the influences of synergistic development strategies on the energy production structures of cities were analyzed. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The overall energy production structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities was optimized from 2001 to 2015, but the characteristics of fossil fuels essentially did not changed. For example, primary power has been added in the energy production in Handan and Xingtai City of Hebei Province, but raw coal production still accounted for more than 90% in both cities.(2) According to the prevailing types of energy production, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei cities could be divided into two types, coal-dominated cities and oil-dominated cities. The adjustment of the energy production structure in coal-dominated cities was obviously more effective than the oil-dominated. For example, the proportion of coal production had dropped significantly in coal-dominated cities such as Beijing, Shijiazhuang, Zhangjiakou and Chengde, whereas the crude oil production in Tianjin and Cangzhou had no obvious downward trend.(3) The implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei energy coordinated-development strategy was proved to be effective for the optimization of the energy production structure, but the impact was different in different cities. Among them, the energy structure optimization was the most significant for Beijing and Chengde City of Hebei Province, whose proportion of raw coal production decreased by nearly 40% in 2001-2015, and it was consistent with the development goal of "basically no coal mine" of the coordinated development strategy. However, the impact on Handan and Xingtai was not obvious. The adjustment of the energy p