Standard-Model Extension Constraints on Lorentz and CPT Violation From Optical Polarimetry of Active Galactic Nuclei

Vacuum birefringence from Lorentz and CPT violation in the Standard-Model Extension can be constrained using ground-based optical polarimetry of extragalactic sources. We describe results from a pilot program with an automated system that can perform simultaneous optical polarimetry in multiple passbands on different telescopes with an effective 0.45 m aperture. Despite the limited collecting area, our polarization measurements of AGN using a wider effective optical passband than previous studies yielded individual line-of-sight constraints for Standard-Model Extension mass dimension \(d = 5\) operators within a factor of about one to ten of comparable broadband polarimetric bounds obtained using data from a 3.6 m telescope with roughly 64 times the collecting area. Constraining more general anisotropic Standard-Model Extension coefficients at higher \(d\) would require more AGN along different lines of sight. This motivates a future dedicated ground-based, multi-band, optical polarimetry AGN survey with \(\gtrsim 1\) m-class telescopes, to obtain state-of-the-art anisotropic Standard-Model Extension \(d = 4, 5, 6\) constraints, while also using complementary archival polarimetry. This could happen more quickly and cost-effectively than via spectropolarimetry and long before more competitive constraints from space- or balloon-based x-ray/\(\gamma\)-ray polarization measurements.