Influence of the Kind of the Components on the Structure of Aerogel-Type Polyvinyl Alcohol/Carbon Black Composite Materials and on Their Resistance to Heat and Mechanical Actions

The pore structure, thermal behavior, and elasticity of aerogel-type polyvinyl alcohol/carbon black composite materials prepared by cryogenic treatment of a suspension of carbon black in an aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol with foamed air were studied. The macropore size in the composite materials is influenced by the size of the primary carbon black particles. The heat resistance of these materials is enhanced on introducing g aqueous suspensions of a heat-resistant fluoroplastic into their structure. An increase in the dispersity of carbon black and in the concentration of functional groups on its surface leads to an increase in the elastic modulus of the aerogel-type composite materials.