Exosomes are the novel players involved in the beneficial effects of exercise on type 2 diabetes

Exosomes contain regulatory signals such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids which can be transferred to adjacent or remote cells to mediate cell‐to‐cell communication. Exercise is a positive lifestyle for metabolic health and a nonpharmacological treatment of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases. Moreover, exercise is a stressor that induces cellular responses including gene expression and exosome release in various types of cells. Exosomes can carry the characters of parent cells by their modified cargoes, representing novel mechanisms for the effects of exercise. Here, we present a review of exosomes as the perspective players in mediating exercise's beneficial impacts on type 2 diabetes (T2D). Exercise is a stressor that induces cellular responses including gene expression and exosome release in various types of cells. Exosomes (EXs) can carry the characters of parent cells by their modified cargoes, representing novel mechanisms for the effects of exercise. In this review, we summarize the general concepts of biogenesis, secretion, and function of EXs, and present a brief review of EXs as the perspective players in mediating exercise's benefits in type 2 diabetes.