Mitochondrial dysfunction in breast cancer

The reprogramming of the mitochondria of cancer cells is essential for their growth. However, such reprogramming leads to the increased formation of reactive oxygen species, which can lead to damage to the organelle. This review summarizes the mechanisms that protect the mitochondrial network against oxidative stress. Further, since several transcription factors have now been linked to the mitochondrial unfolded protein response ([UPR.sup.mt]) and regulate the expression of one or more genes involved in these "mito-protective" mechanisms, the [UPR.sup.mt] is a prime candidate to coordinate the maintenance of the integrity of the mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions.