Influence of hyperoxia on skin vasomotor control in normothermic and heat-stressed humans

1 Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu; 2 Department of Exercise and Health Science, Faculty of Education, University of Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, Japan; and 3 Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas Submitted 10 April 2007 ; accepted in final form 17 September 2007 Hyperoxia induces skin vasoconstriction in humans, but the mechanism is still unclear. In the present study we examined whether the vasoconstrictor response to hyperoxia is through activated adrenergic function ( protocol 1 ) or through inhibitory effects on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and/or cyclooxygenase (COX) ( protocol 2 ). We also tested whether any such vasoconstrictor effect is altered by body heating. In protocol 1 ( n = 11 male subjects), release of norepinephrine from adrenergic terminals in the forearm skin was blocked locally by iontophoresis of bretylium (BT). In protocol 2 , the NOS inhibitor N G -nitro- L -arginine methyl ester ( L -NAME) and the nonselective COX antagonist ketorolac (Keto) were separately administered by intradermal microdialysis in 11 male subjects. In the two protocols, subjects breathed 21% (room air) or 100% O 2 in both normothermia and hyperthermia. Skin blood flow (SkBF) was monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as the ratio of SkBF to blood pressure measured by Finapres. In protocol 1 , breathing 100% O 2 decreased ( P < 0.05) CVC at the BT-treated and at untreated sites from the levels of CVC during 21% O 2 breathing both in normothermia and hyperthermia. In protocol 2 , the administration of L -NAME inhibited ( P < 0.05) the reduction of CVC during 100% O 2 breathing in both thermal conditions. The administration of Keto inhibited ( P < 0.05) the reduction of CVC during 100% O 2 breathing in hyperthermia but not in normothermia. These results suggest that skin vasoconstriction with hyperoxia is partly due to the decreased activity of functional NOS in normothermia and hyperthermia. We found no significant role for adrenergic mechanisms in hyperoxic vasoconstriction. Decreased production of vasodilator prostaglandins may play a role in hyperoxia-induced cutaneous vasoconstriction in heat-stressed humans. skin blood flow; sweating; oxidative stress; heat stress; nitric oxide Address for reprint requests and other correspondence: F. Yamazaki, Dept. o