Power performance assessment of H-rotor vertical axis wind turbines with different aspect ratios in turbulent flows via experiments

Vertical axis wind turbines (VAWTs) are suitable for applications in urban areas. Their ultimate power production relies on both the structural parameters and wind conditions. In this study, the power performance of H-rotor VAWTs immersed in turbulence of various length scales was assessed via wind tunnel testing. The influence of turbine aspect ratio on the power performance was investigated in the turbulent flows. A range of length scales were produced by wooden grids of different mesh sizes. The power coefficients, CP, of the VAWTs were measured by connecting an external resistance in the rotor circuit. Uncertainty analysis of the experimental data was conducted thereafter. Encouragingly, the rated CP was raised by approximately 100% in the turbulent flows compared to that in the smooth flow. The results evidently proved that turbulence was favorable for the operation of VAWTs. Moreover, the rated CP was inversely proportional to length scale, whereas it increased with aspect ratio, irrespective of flow regimes, the underline reasons for which were addressed. Further, the power-law equations were proposed to mathematically express the length scale and aspect ratio effects. This study contributes to the design and application of VAWTs in built environments. •Power performance of VAWTs was assessed in turbulence of various length scales, Lx.•The effect of aspect ratio, η, on the power performance was examined in turbulence.•Rated CP in turbulent flows was raised by around 100% from that in the smooth flow.•Rated CP was proportional and inversely proportional to η and Lx, respectively.•VAWTs of η ≥ 1.0 are preferable to the ones with η < 1.0 for urban installations.