An online real-time biomonitor for contaminant surveillance in water supplies

Automated biomonitoring systems provide continuous, real‐time monitoring of changes in water quality and can rapidly identify toxicity associated with a wide range of chemical contaminants and increase public confidence in drinking water quality. Although widespread in Europe, biomonitor use is rare in the United States. Using case studies of a biomonitor that continuously monitors fish ventilatory patterns, this article illustrates how biomonitors can contribute to an early warning monitoring system for source and finished water protection. The case studies provide a context for a discussion of considerations important for biomonitor implementation, including toxicant responsiveness, event confirmation, implementation of biomonitors in a decision‐making process, and cost. Recommendations are also provided for biomonitor use at raw water intake and distribution systems.