Large Fluctuations in Two-Level Systems With Stimulated Emission

We consider a system of N identical independent Markov processes, each taking values 0 or 1 . The system describes the stochastic dynamics of an ensemble of two-level atoms. The atoms are exposed to a photon flux. Under the photon flux action, each atom changes its state with some rates either from its ground state (state 0 ) to the excited state (state 1 ) or from the excited state to the ground state (stimulated emission). The atom can also spontaneously change its state from the excited to the ground state. We study rare events where a large cumulative emission occurs during a fixed time interval [ 0 , T]. For this, we apply the large-deviation theory, which allows an asymptotic analysis as N → ∞.