Current issues related to iron status: implications for nutrition education and policy

This paper provides an overview of the current iron status of the U.S. population. The most prevalent nutrient deficiency in the United States is iron deficiency. Factors potentially associated with iron deficiency are discussed, such as low income, homelessness, pregnancy, vegetarianism, and participation in endurance sports. Females in their childbearing years are not attaining their Recommended Dietary Allowance for iron. A number of factors contribute to the iron intakes of Americans, such as the iron content of the U.S. food supply, individual dietary patterns, and the use of supplements. About 1 in 5 Americans take either a multivitamin and mineral supplement or supplemental iron. There are health risks associated with low iron status, as well as with iron overload. Numerous recent studies are cited, and implications for nutrition education and policy are discussed