Molecular Imaging of bcl-2 Expression in Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Using ^sup 111^In-Labeled PNA-Peptide Conjugates

The bcl-2 gene is overexpressed in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), such as small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), and many other cancers. Noninvasive imaging of bcl-2 expression has the potential to identify patients at risk for relapse or treatment failure. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and evaluate radiolabeled peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-peptide conjugates targeting bcl-2 gene expression. An ^sup 111^In-labeled PNA complementary to the translational start site of bcl-2 messenger RNA was attached to Tyr^sup 3^-octreotate for somatostatin receptor-mediated intracellular delivery. Methods: DOTA-anti-bcl-2-PNA-Tyr3-octreotate (1) and 3 control conjugates (DOTA-nonsense-PNA-Tyr^sup 3^-octreotate (2), DOTA-anti-bcl-2-PNA-Ala[3,4,5,6]-substituted congener (3), and DOTA-Ty3-octreotate (4) [DOTA is 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N'',N'''-tetraacetic acid]) were synthesized by standard solid-phase 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry. In vitro studies were performed in Mec-1 SLL cells, which express both bcl-2 messenger RNA and somatostatin receptors. Biodistributions and microSPECT/CT studies were performed in Mec-1-bearing SCID (severe combined immunodeficiency) mice, a new animal model of human SLL. Results: ^sup 111^In-Labeled conjugate 1 was taken up by Mec-1 cells through a somatostatin receptor-mediated mechanism. Biodistribution studies showed specific tumor uptake of conjugate 1, the somatostatin analog 4, and the PNA nonsense conjugate 2, but not of the mutant peptide conjugate 3. Mec-1 tumors could be detected by microSPECT/CT using ^sup 111^In-labeled DOTA-Tyr3-octreotate (4) and the targeted anti-bcl-2 conjugate (1), but not using the 2 negative control conjugates 2 and 3. Conclusion: A new ^sup 111^In-labeled antisense PNA-peptide conjugate demonstrated proof of principle for molecular imaging of bcl-2 expression in a new mouse model of human SLL. This imaging agent may be useful for identifying NHL patients at risk for relapse and conventional treatment failure. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]