Assessing acrolein for determination of the severity of brain stroke, dementia, renal failure, and Sjögren's syndrome

It was found recently that acrolein (CH 2 =CH–CHO), mainly produced from spermine, is more toxic than ROS (reactive oxygen species, O 2 −· , H 2 O 2 , and ·OH). In this review, we describe how the seriousness of brain infarction, dementia, renal failure, and Sjӧgren’s syndrome is correlated with acrolein. In brain infarction and dementia, it was possible to identify incipient patients with high sensitivity and specificity by measuring protein-conjugated acrolein (PC-Acro) in plasma together with IL-6 and CRP in brain infarction and Aβ 40/42 in dementia. The level of PC-Acro in plasma and saliva correlated with the seriousness of renal failure and Sjӧgren’s syndrome, respectively. Thus, development of acrolein scavenger medicines containing SH-group such as N -acetylcysteine derivatives is important to maintain QOL (quality of life) of the elderly.