Increasing trends in elderly persons' use of nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements and concurrent use of medications

Use of nonvitamin, nonmineral dietary supplements among an elderly cohort was surveyed to determine which were the most frequently used, and to report potential medication/supplement interactions observed. A retrospective review of the use of 22 supplements and prescription/over-the-counter medications was collected annually from 1994 to 1999. Supplement and medication records for an average of 359 male (36%) and female (64%) participants aged 60 to 99 years were reviewed annually. Ethnic distribution was 91% non-Hispanic white, 7% Hispanic, 1% Asian, and 1% African American. Descriptive statistics generated included mean, standard deviation, and frequency by percentage. To compare supplement user and nonsupplement user percentages across age groups, the χ2 test was used. Linear regression was performed to test for longitudinal usage trends of each individual supplement. By 1999, glucosamine emerged as the most frequently used nonvitamin, nonmineral supplement followed by ginkgo biloba, chondroitin, and garlic. For women, there was a significant linear trend (P < .05) over time for these 12 supplements: black cohosh, borage, evening primrose, flaxseed oil, chondroitin, dehydroepiandrosterone, garlic, ginkgo biloba, glucosamine, grapeseed extract, hawthorn, and St John's wort. For men, three supplements (alpha lipoic acid, ginkgo biloba, and grape-seed extract) showed a significant linear trend (P