Hyperbaric oxygen treatment augments the efficacy of cilazapril and simvastatin regimens in an experimental nephrotic syndrome model

Background Oxidative stress plays a role in the mechanism of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and antioxidant regimes are regarded as promising treatment modalities. We compared the effects of cilazapril, simvastatin, and hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on proteinuria and on oxidative stress in adriamycine (ADR)-induced proteinuria. Methods Seventy male Sprague–Dawley rats were housed, and 60 were injected with ADR to induce nephrosis. After the stabilization of proteinuria, rats were treated for 6 weeks with simvastatin ( n = 10, 4 mg/kg/day), cilazapril ( n = 10, 10 mg/kg/day), HBO ( n = 10, 2.8 athmosphere absolute, 90 min/daily), HBO + cilazapril ( n = 10), HBO + simvastatin ( n = 10), and vehicle ( n = 10). After euthanization at 12 weeks, protein carbonyl (PCO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathion peroxidase (GPx) levels were analyzed from tissues. The histological alterations in the kidneys were determined by semiquantitative scoring. Results Protein carbonyl (PCO) levels were higher ( p