Endophytic fungal toxin effect on adrenergic receptors in lateral saphenous veins (cranial branch) of cattle grazing tall fescue

The objective of this research was to characterize the adrenergic receptor response in veins of cattle that grazed tail fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), with (E+) and without (E-) fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium coenophialum) infection. Measurement of contractile response of lateral saphenous veins to selective adrenergic receptor agonists (alpha 1, phenylephrine; alpha 2, BHT-920) revealed enhanced reactivity (greater contractile response) only for the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor in E+ pastured cattle. This response was consistent over a 3-yr grazing period. Significant contractility differences in response to BHT-920 occurred at concentrations of 3 x 10-6 M and greater. Early research has reasoned that the enhanced reactivity is due to endophyte toxin effect on intracellular signaling systems. The enhanced contractile effect would alter blood flow dynamics and contribute to clinical signs and pathologic change in animals. The alpha 2-adrenergic receptor is also involved in the control of many metabolic reactions. Thus, for drug therapy to be successful in reversing the adverse effects of E+ tall fescue exposure in cattle, effects on the alpha 2-adrenergic tissue receptors must be neutralized.