Simulation of Kinetics of Crack Development in Surface Layers of Material

Methods and results of physical and mathematical simulation of fracture processes at various scale-structural levels and under various (including extreme) loading conditions are given. The kinetics of cracks and their trajectories in the surface layers of material under conditions of cyclic loading, friction of rolling and sliding, indentation, and shearing of the sample edge are analyzed. The prospects of combined experimental and numerical simulation methods in the study of fracture processes are shown. A criterion for averaged stresses at the crack tip is proposed for predicting the trajectory of a crack under mixed loading conditions.