Evaluation of strategies for building a research culture--an empirical case study at an African university

The impact of change strategies for developing research at an African primarily undergraduate institution is considered using a case study of the University of Botswana. After an analysis of the existing situation, a short research policy, written in understandable terms, was developed. The policy was structured so that it could be used for subsequent compliance assessment. A lengthy approval process involving consultation with all faculties increased institutional buy-in. A new Office of Research and Development managed the implementation. Motivators such as research awards and recognition were introduced to encourage staff to develop research programmes. Simplified but transparent internal funding mechanisms were also introduced. Staff attitude surveys were undertaken just after the policy was implemented, and again approximately 18 months later. The impact of the changes was assessed through a compliance exercise. The survey showed a positive change in staff attitude to research, despite a significant increase in teaching workload during the period. There was also a sustained increase in competition for available internal research funds. Compliance with the policy increased, although full compliance was achieved in only a few areas.