SOIL DISTRIBUTION IN STRUMICA RIVER BASIN AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

[...]they have varied effects on agricultural production. [...]soils of the plains occupy 17.784,4 ha (12.01%) and Urbisol 1.755,57 ha (1.18%). [...]they have varied effects on agricultural production. The soils on this terrain (relief) form have the following common properties: a) very pronounced erosion (occurrence of Regosols and erosion of horizon A or part thereof, in the soils with A-C, A-(B)-C and A-E-B-C profile type); b) absence of compact rocks as substrate and soil genesis over clastic sediments, resulting in deep solum and physiologically active profiles; c) greater presence of clay resulting from the substrate or the argilogenesis within the profile; d) presence of smectites in some soils (Vertisols) arising mainly from the substrate and partially from the soil genesis, and in relation to that, deterioration of the physical properties of the soils; e) occurrence of textural differentiation at some soils (Vertisols and Albic Luvisols), and in relation to that, deterioration of the physical properties; f) greater presence of the silicate - carbonate substrate in the soil genesis, in comparison to the substrate of the mountainous terrains; g) relative dryness of the soils (which is lower at the lake terraces), caused from insufficient quantity of rainfalls, surface water flow and very deep underground water; e) insufficient quantity of humus and nutrients (especially N and P); f) relatively good chemical properties (the high content of carbonates of Humic Calcaric Regosols and the acidity of the Albic Luvisols are an exception). In order to increase their productive ability, the following joint measures should be undertaken according to relief forms: - Joint measures for soils from mountain terrains: (protection from erosion, fertilization with organic and mineral fertilizers, proper tillage, liming if necessary); - Joint measures for soils from lake terraces and undulating-hilly terrains: (deep tillage, humization: organic fertilizers and phytomeliorations, intensive use of mineral fertilizers N and P2O5, and for plants that need potassium during the entire year and for obtaining much higher yields and K-fertilizers, anti-erosion measures, proper irrigation method); - Joint measures for soils from sloping terrains: (anti-erosion protection measures, irrigation, humization, intensive use of mineral fertilizers); - Joint measures for soils from plain terrains: (regulation of the water regimen, lowering of the level of underground water-drainage, t