Европейский союз в динамике политического пространства

The founders of the European Union dealing with urgent problems concerning the reconstruction of post-war Europe in the remote perspective started establishing the ongoing supranational structure provided with integral elements of sovereignty. Now they are facing challenges that are questioning European and world political development. In order to maintain the achieved and to move the European process of integration forward, it is essential to envision when, how and with what attainments and losses European politics would (or would not) be able to integrate a transforming European Union into a changing world. This article discusses the challenges facing the EU, its problems and dilemmas. Nowadays one of the most severe challenges that the EU faces is Brexit. The unidirectional expansion of the EU’s integrated economic and political space has been seen a change for the worse. Its consequences are not clear enough yet, but Brexit can pose some serious challenges. Degenerative changes are taking place in the countries where the basic principles of the EU are being violated – in Poland and Hungary. At the latest elections the parties originating from the anti-communist movements came to power and now are restoring the new form of authoritarianism. As a result, the threat of these countries falling out not only from the political area of the EU, but also from the legal one has become a reality. The latest elections in a number of countries-members of the EU, including the key players of the integration process – Germany, France, Italy – have revealed another serious problem – the increasing support of nationalist and populist parties and movements. In recent years two controversial processes have been clashing in the EU in a paradoxical way. On the one hand, the destructive movements and parties are enhancing their positions in the national politics. On the other hand, forces that promote various plans and scenarios of reorganization of the management system of the EU, delegation of the most important functions of the financial and economic activities, international politics and defense strategy to the supranational political bodies are also emerging to the forefront of European politics. Contradictions between political forces that are interested in further promoting integration and governance on the EU level and those that seek to destruct the Union will most likely have a strong influence on the modification of the European political space, causing exacerbat