A Study on Chicken Fat as an Alternative Feedstock: Biodiesel Production, Fuel Characterisation, and Diesel Engine Performance Analysis

Biodiesel is one of the promising renewable sources to fulfill the future energy demand of the world. Sustainable feedstock for biodiesel production is one of the major criteria to ensure the process of renewability. Chicken fat is an encouraging feedstock for biodiesel. In this study, waste chicken fat was converted to biodiesel via catalysed transesterification. Optimised process parameters were recorded at 1:4 oil-to-methanol volume ratio and 0.5 wt% KOH catalyst concentration with a biodiesel yield of 96%. The FT-IR spectral analysis of chicken fat and chicken fat biodiesel confirmed the conversion of chicken fats into biodiesel. The physico-chemical properties of biodiesel were tested in accordance with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 biodiesel standards. The specific fuel properties of chicken fat biodiesel that include calorific value, viscosity and acid value were found to be lower than that of petrodiesel. The diesel engine performance tests confirmed that the biodiesel blends performance was similar to petrodiesel. It is noted that while the brake horsepower increased with the increase of biodiesel blending percentage, the engine power output was found to decrease. Specific fuel consumption also increased along with the biodiesel blending percentage.