Synergism between Radiotherapy and Vascular Risk Factors in the Accelerated Development of Atherosclerosis: A Report of Three Cases

Radiotherapy is commonly used in the management of testicular tumors. However, to date the risk of radiation-induced vascular occlusive disease in men following radiotherapy for testicular cancer has not been regarded as a major factor in their long-term care. Several animal studies have shown the importance of established vascular risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertension in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced atherosclerosis. This report presents three cases of premature chronic iliofemoral arterial disease presenting 5, 13, and 16 years following exposure to therapeutic irradiation for the treatment of testicular cancer. The patients were in the age group of 40–45 years and all demonstrated associated known atherosclerotic risk factors. The patients had received radiotherapy in the dose of 3500–4000 rads in a standard “dog-leg” fashion to the ipsilateral aortoiliac lymphatic chain. Our results showed that young men treated with radiotherapy for testicular cancer may be targeted from the outset for atherosclerotic risk factor reduction to minimize the risk of development of late chronic occlusive arterial disease. It may be that a cohort of men so treated with historical regimes of radiotherapy and now entering middle age should be screened for arterial disease and risk factor reduction.