Within and outside the nation: former colonial subjects in post-war Italy

After Mussolini’s regime collapsed, Italy rebuilt itself as a nation and a democracy. The Republican Constitution approved in 1948 rejected the ideologies of both racism and racial discrimination, which had been strengthened and made harsher by Fascism since the mid-1930s. Yet, despite this, racism...

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Veröffentlicht in:Modern Italy : journal of the Association for the Study of Modern Italy 2018-11, Vol.23 (4), p.395-410
1. Verfasser: Deplano, Valeria
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:After Mussolini’s regime collapsed, Italy rebuilt itself as a nation and a democracy. The Republican Constitution approved in 1948 rejected the ideologies of both racism and racial discrimination, which had been strengthened and made harsher by Fascism since the mid-1930s. Yet, despite this, racism and racialisation continued in the post-Fascist years. The article analyses how the presence of former colonial subjects in Italy between the 1940s and 1960s was perceived, represented and managed, and demonstrates that the hegemonic discourse of the post-war period still considered Italy to be a white and ethnically homogeneous nation. It considers the stories of people from Libya and Eritrea who applied for Italian citizenship and the life in Italy of some Somali students in the 1960s. From different perspectives, these case studies show how in republican Italy inclusion and exclusion, as well as concepts of identity and otherness, were the consequence of processes of racialisation and ideas inherited from the previous period. Dopo il crollo del regime di Mussolini, l’Italia si ricostruì, come nazione e come democrazia. La Carta Costituzionale che fondava la nuova Repubblica, approvata nel 1948, rifiutava esplicitamente le ideologie razziste e le discriminazioni razziali che invece erano state rafforzate e inasprite dal regime a partire dalla metà degli anni Trenta. In quegli stessi anni del dopoguerra, però, l’idea di razza e i processi di razzizzazione continuarono ad operare. Analizzando il modo in cui tra gli anni Quaranta e Sessanta la presenza di alcuni ex-sudditi coloniali nella Penisola italiana è stata percepita, rappresentata e gestita, l’articolo dimostra come il discorso egemonico elaborato nel periodo postbellico considerasse ancora l’Italia un paese bianco ed etnicamente omogeneo. In questa prospettiva sono prese in considerazione da una parte le richieste di cittadinanza presentate da persone di origine libica o eritrea nel dopoguerra, e dall’altra l’esperienza degli studenti somali in Italia durante gli anni Sessanta. In questi casi emerge come l’inclusione e l’esclusione dal corpo e dal territorio nazionale, così come i concetti di identità e alterità, fossero definiti nell’Italia post-fascista e Repubblicana secondo idee e processi di razzizzazione ereditati dal passato.
ISSN:1353-2944
1469-9877
DOI:10.1017/mit.2018.27