Parton distribution functions with QED corrections in the valon model

The parton distribution functions (PDFs) with QED corrections are obtained by solving the QCD⊗QED DGLAP evolution equations in the framework of the “valon” model at the next-to-leading-order QCD and the leading-order QED approximations. Our results for the PDFs with QED corrections in this phenomenological model are in good agreement with the newly related CT14QED global fits code [Phys. Rev. D 93, 114015 (2016)] and APFEL (NNPDF2.3QED) program [Comput. Phys. Commun. 185, 1647 (2014)] in a wide range of x=[10−5,1] and Q2=[0.283,108] GeV2. The model calculations agree rather well with those codes. In the latter, we proposed a new method for studying the symmetry breaking of the sea quark distribution functions inside the proton.