PHYTOCHEMISTRY, BIOCHEMICAL AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITIES OF RUTA CHALEPENSIS ESSENTIAL OILS ON TRIBOLIUM CONFUSUM

(2009) reported that phosphine is not effective against some insect populations in India, Australia and Brazil, because of resistance. [...]today there is a need to develop alternatives that is capable of reducing the large-scale utilization of synthetic pesticides for crop protection. Plants have always been rich source of chemicals and drugs for human and synthesize a wide array of compounds that are generally thought to be involved in plant-insect interactions (Amason et al., 1981). [...]organic molecules of botanical origin may offer a safe source of compounds for pest management, being environmentally friendly, and an excellent alternative to persistent synthetic insecticides (Abdellaoui et al., 2015). The analysis of variance with the oil concentrations as classification criteria shows a significant difference among treatments and the SNK-test gives heterogeneous groups represented by different letters in Table 4. [...]it was found that PR values are widely correlated to the exposure times and the most effect was noted after 4 h of exposure with all concentrations applied. The ANOVA analysis indicated that for each tested concentration, significant differences (P