Determination of trace elements in normal and malignant breast tissues of different age group using total reflection X‐ray fluorescence spectrometer

The trace elements in normal and malignant breast tissues of different age groups have been determined using total reflection X‐ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectrometry. The low Z elements are detected using a vacuum chamber of low Z–high Z (WOBISTRAX) TXRF spectrometer and medium and high Z elements using Ital structures TX‐2000 TXRF spectrometers. The trace elements such as Al, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr, and Y have been detected in normal and malignant breast tissues in the age group 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, and 61–70 years. It is found that the concentration of trace elements such as Al and Ti, Cu and Zn, Ti and Br, and Al and Y are higher in normal breast tissues than in the malignant breast tissues in the samples of age group 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, and 61–70 years, respectively. It is very important to note that the trace element Pb is not observed in the samples of age group 31–40, 41–50, and 51–60, but it has been observed in the samples of age group 61–70 years. Trace elements in normal and malignant tissues measured using TXRF spectrometers. Tissues of different age group have been selected to ascertain the role of trace elements. Trace elements P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, and Sr are found to be higher in malignant tissues. Trace element Pb is found to be higher in malignant tissues in the age group 61–70.