Tip 1 ve Tip 2 Diyabet ile İlişkili miRNA'lar

Diabetes along with its complications is considered as a major problem and is causing millions of people to suffer worldwide. Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) and Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) are two main types of diabetes. T1D is an autoimmune disease that is caused by a reduction in insulin re- lease from the beta cells of islets, whereas T2D is characterized by beta cell dysfunction in response to insulin resistance. Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs of ~22 nucleotides that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally in all cell types. miRNAs are important reg- ulators in both normal and pathological states. Dysregulated expression of miRNAs is associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, including diabetes. This review focuses on the role of miRNAs associated with both T1D and T2D. The presence of miRNAs in body fluids suggests that they may be important players in the prognosis and treatment of diabetes. The current number of miRNAs exceeds 2500 in humans. These molecules have a regulator function by in- hibition of translation or mRNA degradation in various events. miRNAs have contributed sig- nificantly to the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the development of diabetes. Recent studies have demonstrated the association between miRNAs and the processes of insulin production and secretion in beta cells of endocrine pancreas. miRNAs also play important roles in differentiation, proliferation, and survival of pancreatic beta cells. This review brings together up-to-date knowledge about miRNAs and their role as potential biomarkers in pro-diagnosis, prog- nosis and treatment of T1D and T2D. miRNA-mediated modulation of gene expression in T1D and T2D is also presented in detail.