Studies of the Substitution Yttrium in Pbtio3 Systems

Lead titanate PbTiO3 was successfully doped by yttrium (Y), is prepared by the sol-gel method and characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The results obtained showed that Yttrium lead to a sharp decrease in the lattice parameter c accompanied by a small increase in a parameter up to 10% yttrium. By cons beyond 10 mol%, these parameters a and c are evolving slightly to converge towards the same value (a ≈ c). The investigations done by Raman spectroscopy showed the there is a concentration threshold appears around 10% of Y my corresponding in a change in the substitution process in PT sites. it was revealed that substitution Y2+ by a bivalent lead ion Pb2+ in PbTiO3, not require the load compensating, by cons when the rate Y is greater than 10%, the substituted yttrium has both Pb2+ and Ti4+ in the structure PbTiO3 which requires cost compensation.