Experimental and theoretical studies of various solar control window glasses for the reduction of cooling and heating loads in buildings across different climatic regions

•Solar optical properties of tinted and reflective window glasses.•Energy efficient window glass for reduced cooling and heating loads.•Window glass for reduced annual net cooling and heating cost.•Optimum orientation to place window glass for reducing net annual heating and cooling cost.•Solar radiation passing through various tinted and reflective window glasses. The glass material and position/orientation of windows are very important to control the heat gain in buildings. In this article, we studied the effect of different window glazing materials (such as bronze, green, grey, bronze-reflective, green-reflective, grey-reflective, gold-reflective, opal blue-reflective, and sapphire blue-reflective glass) in controlling the heat gain by the buildings. The spectral data of diverse window glasses have thus been measured in solar spectrum range of 300–2500 nm. Moreover, the MATLAB codes have been developed to compute solar optical properties (including transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance), solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC), and heat transfer through the glazing material. Thermal analysis was carried out using a total of nine window glasses in eight coordinal directions (E, W, N, S, SE, SW, NE, and NW) against three climatic conditions (hot and dry, warm and humid and composite) in India. In terms of net annual cooling and heating cost savings per window, the grey reflective glass was found to be the most energy saving glass among all glasses tested in this study. The grey reflective glass exhibited the highest cost saving in net annual cooling and heating in all eight orientations across three climatic regions. The grey reflective glass saved the net cost of heating and cooling by $ 61.24 per annum in the south orientation of Jodhpur climatic conditions.