Application of Typha angustifolia (L.) Dead Leaves Waste as Biomaterial for the Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution

The main goal of this study is to assess the biosorption potential of Typha angustifolia biomaterial waste (TAB) for the removal of methylene blue (MB), a basic dye. TAB is characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the Brunauer–Emmett and Teller (BET) model is applied to evaluate the surface area. Batch biosorption experiments are conducted to optimize the contact time, initial MB concentration, temperature, pH and biosorbent dose. The Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin isotherms are employed to discuss the biosorption process. The equilibrium data are adequately represented by the Langmuir isotherm. The maximal monolayer biosorption capacity of TAB is found to be 106.757 mg g −1 at 25 °C. The kinetic models employed to describe the biosorption mechanism are the pseudo-first and pseudo-second order. The free enthalpy (∆ G ° bios ), enthalpy (∆ H ° bios ) and entropy (∆ S ° bios ) show that MB biosorption is spontaneous and exothermic in the investigated temperature range.