Translating Literatures, Translating Cultures. New Vistas and Approaches in Literary Studies

The situation differs from that in some European countries where a number of academic centers, programs and research initiatives have come into existence that focus not just on the "science of translation" in the more traditional sense (meaning, by and large, how to produce a wellwrought translation), but rather on the dynamics, and vicissitudes, that govern cross-language cultural exchange. Armin Paul Frank then focuses our attention on what he terms "shadow culture," the contacts and transfers that take place between literary systems but never seem to be taken into account in the actual writing of (national) literary histories. Because translation by nature precedes any interpretation, not just the literary kind, Rainer Schulte calls for translation studies to be regarded as a "Dynamic Model for the Revitalization ofthe Humanities"-translation studies here metamorphose into a super-discipline of sorts. [...]the four articles in section three pick up on genre-specific aspects of "Translating Prose, Poetry, and Drama" from German into English.