Verification and Strengthening of the Atiyah--Sutcliffe Conjectures for Several Types of Configurations

In 2001 Sir M. F. Atiyah formulated a conjecture C1 and later with P. Sutcliffe two stronger conjectures C2 and C3. These conjectures, inspired by physics (spin-statistics theorem of quantum mechanics), are geometrically defined for any configuration of points in the Euclidean three space. The conjecture C1 is proved for \(n = 3, 4\) and for general \(n\) only for some special configurations (M. F. Atiyah, M. Eastwood and P. Norbury, D.Đokovi\'{c}). Interestingly the conjecture C2 (and also stronger C3) is not yet proven even for arbitrary four points in a plane. So far we have verified the conjectures C2 and C3 for parallelograms, cyclic quadrilaterals and some infinite families of tetrahedra. We have also proposed a strengthening of conjecture C3 for configurations of four points (Four Points Conjectures). For almost collinear configurations (with all but one point on a line) we propose several new conjectures (some for symmetric functions) which imply C2 and C3. By using computations with multi-Schur functions we can do verifications up to \(n=9\) of our conjectures. We can also verify stronger conjecture of Đokovi\' c which imply C2 for his nonplanar configurations with dihedral symmetry. Finally we mention that by minimizing a geometrically defined energy, figuring in these conjectures, one gets a connection to some complicated physical theories, such as Skyrmions and Fullerenes.