Labor and Employment in Brazilian Northeastern Agriculture: a look at the 2004-2014 period

The labor market in the Brazilian Northeastern agriculture is characterized by many forms of occupation, ranging from the salaried work to the various forms of family work. In a heterogeneous and diverse agriculture, there is a complex labor market, with changes in recent times. Therefore, it is necessary to keep a watchful eye on important structural features. As a result, this paper aims to analyze the main aspects related to work and employment relations in the Brazilian Northeastern agriculture in the 2004-2014 period. The sources of information are special tabulations from the National Survey by Household Sample (PNAD), conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The results pointed to a continuing decline in Northeastern PEA (Economically Active Population) occupied in agriculture, partially offset by the growth of Northeastern rural residents occupied in non-agricultural activities, in addition to the people occupied in self-consumption production. Women and young people were the ones who mostly left the agricultural activities, reinforcing the “ageing” process of the occupied PEA. The crops with the largest reduction in the occupied in agricultural PEA were: cassava, rice, coffee, banana, sugarcane, cocoa, vegetables and fruits. On the other hand, the number of occupied people increased in: corn and grape cultivation, services for agriculture, swine and poultry farming and integrated agricultural and livestock production systems. An increase in schooling of the occupied PEA was registered, though it is still below the national average. Resumo: O mercado de trabalho na agricultura nordestina é caracterizado por diversas formas de ocupação, desde as relações de assalariamento até as modalidades de trabalho familiar. Com uma agricultura heterogênea e diversa, deve-se manter um olhar atento para aspectos estruturais importantes e, por isso, o objetivo do texto é analisar os principais aspectos relacionados ao trabalho e ao emprego na agricultura nordestina no período 2004-2014, tendo como fonte de informações as tabulações especiais da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostras de Domicilio (PNAD), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os resultados apontaram para uma contínua redução da PEA (População Economicamente Ativa) nordestina ocupada na agricultura, parcialmente compensada pelo crescimento de residentes rurais ocupados em atividades não agrícolas, além das pessoas dedicadas à produção de autoco