Mixed order robust adaptive control for general linear time invariant systems

We provide a solution to the adaptive control problem of an unknown linear system of a given derivation order, using a reference model or desired poles defined in a possibly different derivation order and employing continuous adjustment of parameters ruled by possibly another different derivation order. To this purpose, we present an extension for the fractional settings of the Bezout’s lemma and gradient steepest descent adjustment. We analyze both the direct and indirect approaches to adaptive control. We discuss some robustness advantages/disadvantages of the fractional adjustment of parameters in comparison with the integer one and, through simulations, the possibility to define optimal derivation order controllers.