Cell tracking, survival, and differentiation capacity of adipose‐derived stem cells after engraftment in rat tissue

Adipose tissue is an important source of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs). These cells have the potential of being used for certain therapies, in which the main objective is to recover the function of a tissue/organ affected by a disease. In order to contribute to repair of the tissue, these cells should be able to survive and carry out their functions in unfavorable conditions after being transplanted. This process requires a better understanding of the biology involved: such as the time cells remain in the implant site, how long they stay there, and whether or not they differentiate into host tissue cells. This report focuses on these questions. ADSC were injected into three different tissues (substantia nigra, ventricle, liver) and they were tracked in vivo with a dual GFP‐Luc reporter system. The results show that ADSCs were able to survive up to 4 months after the engraftment and some of them started showing resident cell tissue phenotype. These results demonstrate their long‐term capacity of survival and differentiation when injected in vivo. The results address a few questions about how stem cells behavior in vivo after injection into different tissues. Stem cells survive for at least 4 months and only a few differentiate into host tissue cells.