Innovative research on isolation, characterization, and identification of bioactivity in the isolated constituent from methanol extract of Galphimia glauca cav. stems

Background: Galphimia glauca Cav (GG) is naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions of the world including India. Objective: The present study has been opted to shed light on GG stems to isolate, characterize, and explore the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the isolated phytomolecule using in vivo models. Materials and Methods: The bioactive fraction of the active stem methanol extract was subjected to column chromatography followed by preparative thin layer chromatography to separate the phytoconstituent. The isolated phytoconstituent was characterized and evaluated for toxicological studies, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The isolated phytoconstituent "BS-1" was characterized by melting point, Rf value, IR spectra, mass spectra, 1H-NMR spectrum, and 13C NMR spectrum. The LD50of BS-1 was found to be >2000 mg/kg. The results were significant (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01) in hot plate test and tail clip test. The central analgesic effect of BS-1 was further proved through reversal actions of naloxone. The peripheral analgesic actions exhibited by BS-1 were significant (P < 0.001) in formalin and writhing test when compared to control group. In carrageenan test, BS-1 exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) dose-dependent activity on comparison of the high dose with respective low dose. The BS-1 exhibited significant (P ≤ 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity, when correlated with the standard drug in cotton pellet induced granuloma test. Conclusion: The BS-1 exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in central and peripheral models of analgesic activity and in acute and chronic models of anti-inflammatory activity. Abbreviations Used: GG: Galphimia glauca, GGSME: Galphimia glauca stem methanol extract, GGH: G. glauca n-hexane fraction, GGC: G. glauca chloroform fraction, GGEA: G. glauca ethyl acetate fraction, GGM: G. glauca methanol fraction, IAEC: Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, CPCSEA: Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision of Experimental Animals, OECD: The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, WHO: World Health Organization, b.w: Body weight, i.p: Intraperitoneal, p.o: per oral, NSAIDS: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, IPE (%): Indicates percentage inhibition of paw edema, 1H-NMR: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 13C NMR: Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, LCP: Lalitha College of Pharmacy, AGI: Anurag Group of Institutions, BS-1: Novel isolated molecule.