An overview of assisted reproductive technology procedures

Key content Assisted reproductive technology (ART) is an effective treatment option for couples and individuals with fertility problems. A number of key steps, including pituitary downregulation, controlled ovarian stimulation, final follicular maturation trigger, oocyte retrieval, fertilisation, embryo transfer and luteal support constitute a conventional ART cycle. Individualised treatment protocols according to each couple's specific characteristics may optimise treatment outcome and reduce safety concerns. Multidisciplinary team management is essential when managing patients with complex medical and ethical issues. Learning objectives To learn what is meant by ART and the available evidence in managing various steps involved in an ART cycle. To appreciate the need for pituitary downregulation and understand the various downregulation protocols. To understand the importance of ovarian reserve assessment to determine the appropriate controlled ovarian stimulation protocol and to learn about the most accepted methods to monitor controlled ovarian stimulation. To understand the use of hormonal agents for luteal phase support.