Polymorphisms in predator induced defences of coexisting Daphnia pulex and D. longispina

A comparison of juvenile predator-avoidance polymorphisms of Daphnia pulex and D. longispina in a shallow water body of Northern Italy is reported. The presence of the Chaoborus larvae resulted in juvenile adaptive predator-avoidance cyclomorphosis in both species. The frequency of induced morphotyp...

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Veröffentlicht in:Hydrobiologia 2018-11, Vol.823 (1), p.121-133
Hauptverfasser: Maurone, Catia, Suppa, Antonio, Rossi, Valeria
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description A comparison of juvenile predator-avoidance polymorphisms of Daphnia pulex and D. longispina in a shallow water body of Northern Italy is reported. The presence of the Chaoborus larvae resulted in juvenile adaptive predator-avoidance cyclomorphosis in both species. The frequency of induced morphotypes was higher in the small-sized D. longispina than in the large-sized D. pulex. Relative tail-spine size was higher in D. longispina than in D. pulex. D. longispina displayed much more responsiveness to Chaoborus than D. pulex . Both species showed at least 6 different defensive morphotypes that were classified according to the neckteeth number, the neckteeth position and the thickness of occipital epithelia under neckteeth. The frequencies of different morphotypes varied significantly between species. The developmental responses of Daphnia to the presence of predators are regulated at various levels, according to specific timelines of kairomone sensitive phases and developmental frame of defense trait formation. Variation of a specific timeline might be linked to flexibility in developmental responses of Daphnia to Chaoborus and seasonal variation in the frequencies of various morphotypes. Cyclomorphosis should not only be due to changes in environmental factors that directly affects risk, but also to ones that act as proxy signaling changes in predation risk.
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subjects Animal behavior
Avoidance
Avoidance behaviour
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Chaoborus
Cyclomorphosis
Daphnia
Daphnia longispina
Daphnia pulex
Ecology
Environmental changes
Environmental factors
Epithelium
Freshwater & Marine Ecology
Freshwater crustaceans
Interspecific relationships
Larvae
Life Sciences
Morphology
Plankton
Predation
Predators
Primary Research Paper
Seasonal variation
Seasonal variations
Shallow water
Species
Spine
Water bodies
Zoology
title Polymorphisms in predator induced defences of coexisting Daphnia pulex and D. longispina
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