DIETARY INTAKE AND METABOLIC PHENOTYPES IN A COMMUNITY-DWELLING COLOMBIAN COHORT

Background and objectives: The analysis of dietary intake includes different components that individually analyzed are insufficient to explain health risks. The aim of this study was to integrate anthropometric and metabolic indicators to the nutritional analysis to identify the risk prevalence in nutrient intake according to metabolic phenotypes. Methods: Participants were part of an adult community-dwelling cohort, enrolled across five cities of Colombia, South America. Anthropometric and clinical parameters in blood were assessed, as well as blood pressure. Clinical parameters and blood pressure served to classify participants by metabolic status. The metabolic status and the body mass index (BMI) were used to classify participants in six metabolic phenotypes (lean, overweight and obese, crossed by healthy or abnormal metabolic state); dietary intake was assessed in these groups of participants. Results: Independent of BMI, the healthy metabolic phenotypes had greater contribution of proteins from the diet, while the lean abnormal and overweight abnormal phenotypes had excess intake of carbohydrates and sugars. Importantly, healthy lean participants had the lowest prevalence of nutrient deficiency, while abnormal lean, overweight and obese participants showed greater risk of micronutrient intake deficiency, especially calcium, magnesium and zinc. All metabolic phenotypes had low fiber intakes. Conclusions: We report a comprehensive way to analyze dietetic intake that integrates nutritional status and health-related parameters. This analysis let us identify important nutrients in intervention or nutritional therapy that would improve metabolic health. Our analysis makes use of clinical parameters routinely assessed and could be applied to individuals or groups with normal weight or overweight; these results can be useful in the clinical practice to detect early risk factors of disease and to guide dietetic interventions.