LIPID PROFILE AND FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES IN HUMAN MILK

Background and objectives: Human milk is a fluid of extreme chemical complexity that provides the required nutrients for the suitable development of the newborn and a series of compounds with biological activity essential for adaptation to extrauterine life. Last years, the presence of polyunsaturated long chain fatty acids in breast milk and infant feeding has become very important. They are obtained by the mother's diet during pregnancy and lactation. The purpose of the study is to determine the nutritional status of pregnant women and their influence on the markers of fatty compound synthesis in breast milk. Methods: A prospective cohort study will be conducted in women during pregnancy and lactation. The sample is 112 healthy women and 112 women with risk pregnancies (diabetic, obese and hypertensive). The anthropometric evaluation will be performed obtaining the following parameters: weight, size, folds, perimeters, diameters. The nutritional assessment will be done using 3 types of validated questionnaires: food register, 24-hour reminder questionnaire and food consumption frequency questionnaire. The lactogenesis is evaluated through the collection of 3 samples: colostrum, transition milk and mature milk. Each of the above samples will be determined as follows: short chain fatty acids, total fatty acid quantification. The following complementary parameters will also be determined: triglycerides, cholesterol, and glucose. As well as, bioactive peptides: study of in vitro digestibility of milk protein and identification of functional peptides, identification of peptides, study of antioxidant activity, antibacterial and probiotic, bioavailability of minerals. Results: The fat composition of the milk will be different depending on the nutrition of the woman during gestation, her anthropometric measurements and the presence or absence of risk pathologies during the course of gestation.