The emergence of the engineer in the British merchant shipping industry, 1812–1863

This research note traces the emergence of the marine steam engineer in Britain from 1812 to 1860. It examines the development of the British merchant steam fleet and its need for engineers. Crew lists, muster rolls, certificate of service application forms and Parliamentary Papers are examined to reveal the numbers of men seeking to become qualified engineers, and their birthplace, age and training. Consideration is given to the career patterns of marine steam engineers, their relationship to other seafaring ranks, notably firemen and trimmers, the creation of personal wealth and new businesses by some engineers, and the place of their emerging profession in the social context of the era. Administrative and legislative change – essentially, from freedom to control and certification – is identified as a key element in the professionalization of engineers, leading to the establishment of the Institutes of Civil Engineers, Mechanical Engineers and, finally in 1888, Marine Engineers.