Characterization of Mg-based bimetal treatment of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole
The manufacturing of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) generates waste streams that require treatment. DNAN has been treated previously with zero-valent iron (ZVI) and Fe-based bimetals. Use of Mg-based bimetals offers certain advantages including potential higher reactivity and relativ...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2018-08, Vol.25 (24), p.24403-24416 |
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| creator | Hadnagy, Emese Mai, Andrew Smolinski, Benjamin Braida, Washington Koutsospyros, Agamemnon |
| description | The manufacturing of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) generates waste streams that require treatment. DNAN has been treated previously with zero-valent iron (ZVI) and Fe-based bimetals. Use of Mg-based bimetals offers certain advantages including potential higher reactivity and relative insensitivity to pH conditions. This work reports preliminary findings of DNAN degradation by three Mg-based bimetals: Mg/Cu, Mg/Ni, and Mg/Zn. Treatment of DNAN by all three bimetals is highly effective in aqueous solutions (> 89% removal) and wastewater (> 91% removal) in comparison with treatment solely with zero-valent magnesium (ZVMg; 35% removal). Investigation of reaction byproducts supports a partial degradation pathway involving reduction of the ortho or para nitro to amino group, leading to 2-amino-4-nitroanisole (2-ANAN) and 4-amino-2-nitroanisole (4-ANAN). Further reduction of the second nitro group leads to 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN). These byproducts are detected in small quantities in the aqueous phase. Carbon mass balance analysis suggests near-complete closure (91%) with 12.4 and 78.4% of the total organic carbon (TOC) distributed in the aqueous and mineral bimetal phases, respectively. Post-treatment surface mineral phase analysis indicates Mg(OH)
2
as the main oxidized species; oxide formation does not appear to impair treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-018-2493-1 |
| format | Article |
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2
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2
as the main oxidized species; oxide formation does not appear to impair treatment.</description><subject>Anisoles - chemistry</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Bimetals</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>By products</subject><subject>Byproducts</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon - chemistry</subject><subject>Chemical oxygen demand</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Explosive Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Magnesium - 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Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hadnagy, Emese</au><au>Mai, Andrew</au><au>Smolinski, Benjamin</au><au>Braida, Washington</au><au>Koutsospyros, Agamemnon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of Mg-based bimetal treatment of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2018-08-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>25</volume><issue>24</issue><spage>24403</spage><epage>24416</epage><pages>24403-24416</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>The manufacturing of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) generates waste streams that require treatment. DNAN has been treated previously with zero-valent iron (ZVI) and Fe-based bimetals. Use of Mg-based bimetals offers certain advantages including potential higher reactivity and relative insensitivity to pH conditions. This work reports preliminary findings of DNAN degradation by three Mg-based bimetals: Mg/Cu, Mg/Ni, and Mg/Zn. Treatment of DNAN by all three bimetals is highly effective in aqueous solutions (> 89% removal) and wastewater (> 91% removal) in comparison with treatment solely with zero-valent magnesium (ZVMg; 35% removal). Investigation of reaction byproducts supports a partial degradation pathway involving reduction of the ortho or para nitro to amino group, leading to 2-amino-4-nitroanisole (2-ANAN) and 4-amino-2-nitroanisole (4-ANAN). Further reduction of the second nitro group leads to 2,4-diaminoanisole (DAAN). These byproducts are detected in small quantities in the aqueous phase. Carbon mass balance analysis suggests near-complete closure (91%) with 12.4 and 78.4% of the total organic carbon (TOC) distributed in the aqueous and mineral bimetal phases, respectively. Post-treatment surface mineral phase analysis indicates Mg(OH)
2
as the main oxidized species; oxide formation does not appear to impair treatment.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>29909531</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-018-2493-1</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3743-3566</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| issn | 0944-1344 1614-7499 |
| language | eng |
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| subjects | Anisoles - chemistry Aquatic Pollution Aqueous solutions Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Bimetals Biodegradation By products Byproducts Carbon Carbon - chemistry Chemical oxygen demand Copper Degradation Earth and Environmental Science Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental science Experiments Explosive Agents - chemistry Iron Laboratories Magnesium Magnesium - chemistry Manufacturing Metals Metals - chemistry Microscopy, Electron, Scanning Military supplies Nickel Nitrates Organic carbon Oxidation-Reduction Oxides - chemistry Photodegradation Reagents Reduction Research Article Total organic carbon Waste management Waste streams Waste Water - chemistry Waste Water Technology Wastewater Wastewater treatment Water Management Water Pollutants, Chemical - chemistry Water Pollution Control X-Ray Diffraction Zinc |
| title | Characterization of Mg-based bimetal treatment of insensitive munition 2,4-dinitroanisole |
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