Estimates of Lightning NOx Production Based on OMI NO2 Observations Over the Gulf of Mexico
We evaluate nitrogen oxide (NO(sub x) NO + NO2) production from lightning over the Gulf of Mexico region using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASAs Aura satellite along with detection efficiency-adjusted lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres 2016-07, Vol.121 (14), p.8668-8691 |
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description | We evaluate nitrogen oxide (NO(sub x) NO + NO2) production from lightning over the Gulf of Mexico region using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASAs Aura satellite along with detection efficiency-adjusted lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A special algorithm was developed to retrieve the lightning NOx [(LNO(sub x)] signal from OMI. The algorithm in its general form takes the total slant column NO2 from OMI and removes the stratospheric contribution and tropospheric background and includes an air mass factor appropriate for the profile of lightning NO(sub x) to convert the slant column LNO2 to a vertical column of LNO(sub x). WWLLN flashes are totaled over a period of 3 h prior to OMI overpass, which is the time an air parcel is expected to remain in a 1 deg. x 1 deg. grid box. The analysis is conducted for grid cells containing flash counts greater than a threshold value of 3000 flashes that yields an expected LNO(sub x) signal greater than the background. Pixels with cloud radiance fraction greater than a criterion value (0.9) indicative of highly reflective clouds are used. Results for the summer seasons during 2007-2011 yield mean LNO(sub x) production of approximately 80 +/- 45 mol per flash over the region for the two analysis methods after accounting for biases and uncertainties in the estimation method. These results are consistent with literature estimates and more robust than many prior estimates due to the large number of storms considered but are sensitive to several substantial sources of uncertainty. |
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A special algorithm was developed to retrieve the lightning NOx [(LNO(sub x)] signal from OMI. The algorithm in its general form takes the total slant column NO2 from OMI and removes the stratospheric contribution and tropospheric background and includes an air mass factor appropriate for the profile of lightning NO(sub x) to convert the slant column LNO2 to a vertical column of LNO(sub x). WWLLN flashes are totaled over a period of 3 h prior to OMI overpass, which is the time an air parcel is expected to remain in a 1 deg. x 1 deg. grid box. The analysis is conducted for grid cells containing flash counts greater than a threshold value of 3000 flashes that yields an expected LNO(sub x) signal greater than the background. Pixels with cloud radiance fraction greater than a criterion value (0.9) indicative of highly reflective clouds are used. Results for the summer seasons during 2007-2011 yield mean LNO(sub x) production of approximately 80 +/- 45 mol per flash over the region for the two analysis methods after accounting for biases and uncertainties in the estimation method. These results are consistent with literature estimates and more robust than many prior estimates due to the large number of storms considered but are sensitive to several substantial sources of uncertainty.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-897X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-8996</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2015JD024179</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Goddard Space Flight Center: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres</publisher><subject>Air masses ; Air parcels ; Algorithms ; Atmospheric chemistry ; Detection ; Estimates ; Geophysics ; Lightning ; Lightning location ; Mathematical models ; Meteorology ; Monitoring instruments ; Nitrogen compounds ; Nitrogen dioxide ; Nitrogen oxides ; Ocean-atmosphere interaction ; Ozone ; Ozone monitoring ; Photochemicals ; Radiance ; Satellites ; Statistics And Probability ; Storms ; Uncertainty</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres, 2016-07, Vol.121 (14), p.8668-8691</ispartof><rights>2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2015JD024179$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2015JD024179$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,1433,27924,27925,45574,45575,46409,46833</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pickering, Kenneth E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bucsela, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Dale</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ring, Allison</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holzworth, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krotkov, Nickolay</creatorcontrib><title>Estimates of Lightning NOx Production Based on OMI NO2 Observations Over the Gulf of Mexico</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres</title><description>We evaluate nitrogen oxide (NO(sub x) NO + NO2) production from lightning over the Gulf of Mexico region using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASAs Aura satellite along with detection efficiency-adjusted lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A special algorithm was developed to retrieve the lightning NOx [(LNO(sub x)] signal from OMI. The algorithm in its general form takes the total slant column NO2 from OMI and removes the stratospheric contribution and tropospheric background and includes an air mass factor appropriate for the profile of lightning NO(sub x) to convert the slant column LNO2 to a vertical column of LNO(sub x). WWLLN flashes are totaled over a period of 3 h prior to OMI overpass, which is the time an air parcel is expected to remain in a 1 deg. x 1 deg. grid box. The analysis is conducted for grid cells containing flash counts greater than a threshold value of 3000 flashes that yields an expected LNO(sub x) signal greater than the background. Pixels with cloud radiance fraction greater than a criterion value (0.9) indicative of highly reflective clouds are used. Results for the summer seasons during 2007-2011 yield mean LNO(sub x) production of approximately 80 +/- 45 mol per flash over the region for the two analysis methods after accounting for biases and uncertainties in the estimation method. These results are consistent with literature estimates and more robust than many prior estimates due to the large number of storms considered but are sensitive to several substantial sources of uncertainty.</description><subject>Air masses</subject><subject>Air parcels</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Atmospheric chemistry</subject><subject>Detection</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>Lightning</subject><subject>Lightning location</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Meteorology</subject><subject>Monitoring instruments</subject><subject>Nitrogen compounds</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Nitrogen oxides</subject><subject>Ocean-atmosphere interaction</subject><subject>Ozone</subject><subject>Ozone monitoring</subject><subject>Photochemicals</subject><subject>Radiance</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Statistics And Probability</subject><subject>Storms</subject><subject>Uncertainty</subject><issn>2169-897X</issn><issn>2169-8996</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>CYI</sourceid><recordid>eNp9UE1PwkAQ3RhNJMjNo4dNPFdnv9rtUQERAtYYTUw8bFaYhRJssdsi_HuXYIwn5zIvM--9mTxCzhlcMQB-zYGpUQ-4ZEl6RFqcxWmk0zQ-_sXJ6ynpeL-EUBqEVLJF3vq-zj9sjZ6Wjo7z-aIu8mJOH7ItfazKWTOt87Kgt9bjjAaQTYZhx2n27rHa2P3S02yDFa0XSAfNyu19JrjNp-UZOXF25bHz09vk5a7_3L2Pxtlg2L0ZR0shOURWcRVriSkyFUP4i2uNDm2MqVOcOy6cwjTMQCq0iQMEdBL0DC1PtNKiTS4Pvuuq_GzQ12ZZNlURThoOMmYxyORfFtOMJUqmoAJLHFhf-Qp3Zl2FcKqdYWD2IZu_IZvR4KmnBBMQVBcHVWG9NUVd7S-zJOQshIjFN_-JdcU</recordid><startdate>20160727</startdate><enddate>20160727</enddate><creator>Pickering, Kenneth E.</creator><creator>Bucsela, Eric</creator><creator>Allen, Dale</creator><creator>Ring, Allison</creator><creator>Holzworth, Robert</creator><creator>Krotkov, Nickolay</creator><general>Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>CYE</scope><scope>CYI</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160727</creationdate><title>Estimates of Lightning NOx Production Based on OMI NO2 Observations Over the Gulf of Mexico</title><author>Pickering, Kenneth E. ; Bucsela, Eric ; Allen, Dale ; Ring, Allison ; Holzworth, Robert ; Krotkov, Nickolay</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-j3420-a525684e9e1560034288efea6e9f522f23f5e988e045ea7f0e0ef408dea278583</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Air masses</topic><topic>Air parcels</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Atmospheric chemistry</topic><topic>Detection</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>Lightning</topic><topic>Lightning location</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Meteorology</topic><topic>Monitoring instruments</topic><topic>Nitrogen compounds</topic><topic>Nitrogen dioxide</topic><topic>Nitrogen oxides</topic><topic>Ocean-atmosphere interaction</topic><topic>Ozone</topic><topic>Ozone monitoring</topic><topic>Photochemicals</topic><topic>Radiance</topic><topic>Satellites</topic><topic>Statistics And Probability</topic><topic>Storms</topic><topic>Uncertainty</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pickering, Kenneth E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bucsela, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Allen, Dale</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ring, Allison</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Holzworth, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krotkov, Nickolay</creatorcontrib><collection>NASA Scientific and Technical Information</collection><collection>NASA Technical Reports Server</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pickering, Kenneth E.</au><au>Bucsela, Eric</au><au>Allen, Dale</au><au>Ring, Allison</au><au>Holzworth, Robert</au><au>Krotkov, Nickolay</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Estimates of Lightning NOx Production Based on OMI NO2 Observations Over the Gulf of Mexico</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Atmospheres</jtitle><date>2016-07-27</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>121</volume><issue>14</issue><spage>8668</spage><epage>8691</epage><pages>8668-8691</pages><issn>2169-897X</issn><eissn>2169-8996</eissn><abstract>We evaluate nitrogen oxide (NO(sub x) NO + NO2) production from lightning over the Gulf of Mexico region using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASAs Aura satellite along with detection efficiency-adjusted lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A special algorithm was developed to retrieve the lightning NOx [(LNO(sub x)] signal from OMI. The algorithm in its general form takes the total slant column NO2 from OMI and removes the stratospheric contribution and tropospheric background and includes an air mass factor appropriate for the profile of lightning NO(sub x) to convert the slant column LNO2 to a vertical column of LNO(sub x). WWLLN flashes are totaled over a period of 3 h prior to OMI overpass, which is the time an air parcel is expected to remain in a 1 deg. x 1 deg. grid box. The analysis is conducted for grid cells containing flash counts greater than a threshold value of 3000 flashes that yields an expected LNO(sub x) signal greater than the background. Pixels with cloud radiance fraction greater than a criterion value (0.9) indicative of highly reflective clouds are used. Results for the summer seasons during 2007-2011 yield mean LNO(sub x) production of approximately 80 +/- 45 mol per flash over the region for the two analysis methods after accounting for biases and uncertainties in the estimation method. These results are consistent with literature estimates and more robust than many prior estimates due to the large number of storms considered but are sensitive to several substantial sources of uncertainty.</abstract><cop>Goddard Space Flight Center</cop><pub>Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres</pub><doi>10.1002/2015JD024179</doi><tpages>24</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air masses Air parcels Algorithms Atmospheric chemistry Detection Estimates Geophysics Lightning Lightning location Mathematical models Meteorology Monitoring instruments Nitrogen compounds Nitrogen dioxide Nitrogen oxides Ocean-atmosphere interaction Ozone Ozone monitoring Photochemicals Radiance Satellites Statistics And Probability Storms Uncertainty |
title | Estimates of Lightning NOx Production Based on OMI NO2 Observations Over the Gulf of Mexico |
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