Controllable transition between optical bistability and multistability in graphene/dielectric/graphene structure

We theoretically investigated the controllable transition between optical bistability and multistability in graphene/dielectric/graphene structure for TE and TM polarizations. We show such a transition strongly depends on the Fermi energy of graphene, and thus, it can be controlled by adjusting the gate voltage applied on the graphene. In addition, we also show that the transition can be tuned by changing the thickness and permittivity of the dielectric layer, or by varying the wavelength and the incident angle of the input light. Furthermore, three S-type curves appear in our studied structure, which result in quadristability. Our results may find potential applications in optoelectronic devices.