Andalusian Timber Roof Structure in Chefchaouen, Northern Morocco: Construction Technique and Structural Behavior

AbstractThis article presents the results of an investigation on the building system of the Andalusian timber roof, which is widespread in northern Morocco. The structural behavior of the Andalusian timber roof structures surveyed in the medina of Chefchaouen is analyzed in depth. The analysis, carried out using finite-element models, allowed for assessment of the structural behavior of the structure but also highlighted some weaknesses that are inherent to this building system. These weaknesses are primarily due to the presence of unilateral connection elements that ensure efficiency only under specific stress conditions and also to the lack of efficiency of the connection between load-bearing elements of the roof and the surrounding walls. The detected horizontal displacement of supports explains the cracking pattern that is usually visible at the top of walls just under the level of the gutter. A parametric analysis was performed, revealing that the weaknesses of the system do not present specific criticalities in the geographic context in which the system is developed. Nevertheless, some crucial strengthening interventions are proven to be necessary for esuring that all timber elements can suitably contribute to the overall equilibrium of the structure in the case of an earthquake.